Welcome to the tag category page for Drug class!
Fosfomycin is an antibiotic commonly used to treat infections of the urinary tract, specifically bladder infections or lower urinary tract infections in women. It works by fighting bacterial infections caused by certain types of bacteria. Fosfomycin is usually taken as a single dose, making it a convenient treatment option compared to other antibiotics that may require a longer regimen. Patients can expect improvement in their urinary tract infection symptoms within a few days of taking fosfomycin. It is important to note that fosfomycin is not effective for treating more severe infections such as bacteraemia or upper urinary tract infections like pyelonephritis. The use of fosfomycin is associated with certain side effects, including gastrointestinal events. Overall, fosfomycin is considered a strong antibiotic with a unique mechanism of action, making it an effective choice for outpatient treatment of urinary tract infections.
Dulaglutide, also known as Trulicity, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a once-weekly injectable prescription medicine that improves blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. Dulaglutide is used together with diet and exercise to control blood sugar. It is a subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist designed using recombinant DNA technology. It is similar to a natural hormone in the body known as incretin, and it works by causing insulin release in response to high blood sugar levels. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, indigestion, and fatigue. Dulaglutide should only be used under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider.
Vibegron is a medication used to treat symptoms of an overactive bladder, such as urgency, frequency, and urinary incontinence. It belongs to a class of medications called beta-3 adrenergic agonists. Vibegron works by relaxing the muscles of the bladder, thereby increasing bladder capacity. It is available as oral tablets under the brand name Gemtesa. Vibegron is highly selective and does not interact with CYPs, making it a second-generation β3AR agonist. It is effective in reducing urinary urgency incontinence episodes. The cost of Gemtesa tablets can vary depending on the pharmacy and insurance coverage. Vibegron and myrbetriq are two different medications, although both are used for the treatment of overactive bladder. While direct comparisons are not available, vibegron may be more effective than mirabegron in reducing mean voided volume. Overall, vibegron is a prescription medication that provides relief for individuals with overactive bladder symptoms.
Formoterol is a long-acting bronchodilator used to treat asthma and prevent bronchospasm in patients. It is often used together with other medicines, such as inhaled corticosteroids. It is also used to prevent or decrease wheezing and trouble breathing caused by asthma or COPD. Formoterol works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing more air to flow into and out of the lungs. It is available in inhalation form and is known by brand names such as Perforomist and Symbicort. It is not a steroid but is often used in conjunction with steroids.
Brivaracetam (brand name Briviact) is an anticonvulsant chemically related to levetiracetam and acts as a ligand at the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) with substantially higher affinity than levetiracetam. It is approved as adjunctive therapy for partial‑onset seizures across a wide pediatric and adult age range and is available as a branded product and in generic formulations. Clinically it is positioned as an alternative to levetiracetam (Keppra) for patients who may benefit from greater receptor selectivity, though effectiveness and tolerability vary individually. Brivaracetam is classified as a Schedule V controlled substance in some jurisdictions because higher doses have been associated with euphoria. Common and notable adverse effects include irritability, anxiety and, in some cases, psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions, which require monitoring. The market includes the originator pharmaceutical company UCB as the promoter of Briviact, while generic manufacturers supply lower‑cost alternatives, shaping prescribing and reimbursement dynamics in epilepsy treatment.
Cinnarizine is a medication that is commonly used to treat motion sickness and vertigo. It works by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion, helping to alleviate symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and vomiting. Cinnarizine is also sometimes prescribed to treat symptoms of Meniere's disease and to prevent migraine-associated vertigo. It is generally well-tolerated, with side effects being mild and rare. Overall, Cinnarizine is an effective and popular medication for treating various conditions related to balance and motion sickness.
SGLT, or sodium-glucose transport proteins, are a family of glucose transporters found in the intestinal mucosa and renal proximal convoluted tubules. SGLT2 inhibitors are a class of medication used to treat type 2 diabetes by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys and promoting its excretion in the urine. Common examples of SGLT2 inhibitors include Invokana, Farxiga, Jardiance, and Steglatro. SGLT1 is responsible for glucose absorption in the small intestine and reabsorbing about 3% of the filtered glucose load in the renal proximal tubule segment 3. SGLT2, on the other hand, is responsible for the majority of glucose reuptake in the tubular system of the kidney. SGLT2 inhibitors are versatile medications with glycemic and nonglycemic benefits that help lower blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Thiocolchicoside is an oral and topical muscle relaxant used to relieve acute muscle spasms and associated pain and inflammation. Marketed in some countries under brand names such as Muscoril, Myoril and Neoflax, it is reported to exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, though its precise mechanism remains uncertain. Pharmacologically it appears to antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and has activity at GABAA and glycine receptor sites, which may explain central nervous system effects. Clinical comparisons with other muscle relaxants (for example tizanidine or chlorzoxazone) show mixed results and some trials suggest similar efficacy; however, systematic reviews have raised questions about benefit beyond placebo for certain indications and have highlighted safety and adverse‑effect concerns. Current interest focuses on defining effective, evidence‑based indications, clarifying neuropharmacology and identifying patient subgroups who benefit most while monitoring seizure risk and other CNS adverse events. Regulatory status and prescribing patterns vary by market, prompting ongoing post‑marketing surveillance and comparative effectiveness research.
Starting dose refers to the initial amount of medication or therapeutic treatment given to a patient. It is an important aspect of clinical trials, as the maximum safe starting dose needs to be determined before administering the treatment to patients. The determination of the starting dose is based on various factors including the severity of symptoms, history of previous medication use, and the specific condition being treated. In cancer treatment, defining the starting dose of new anticancer drugs is critical. In addition, the starting dose of medication for hypothyroidism varies depending on the patient's condition. The Buprenorphine Quick Start Guide suggests a dosage based on the severity of withdrawal symptoms and the patient's recent history of opioid use.
